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Researchers discover blood vessels in lab-grown mini-brains
Growing brains in laboratories was just the start for scientists. Next up is vasculature. By studying the naturally occurring capillaries discovered on the mini-brains, researchers from Brown University say that they will be able to conduct bigger investigations into things like strokes and concussions.
Pluto may have a 60 mile deep liquid water ocean
We used to think of Pluto as a remote frigid rock, but since the New Horizons visit, it's vying for the title of the solar system's most interesting (ex-) planet. An earlier study showed that its core is warm enough to support a liquid water ocean, and now we've learned that it might be huge -- at least 100 km (62 miles) deep. The evidence, according to the team from Brown University, comes from a likely impact with massive asteroid.
Bad experiences on Facebook have real-world consequences
Researchers at Brown University believe that they have established a link between Facebook use and depression. The study examined 264 people and tracked if, and when, they reported having an NFE: a Negative Facebook Experience. When that data was boiled down, the team concluded that people who reported experiencing NFEs were 3.2 times more likely to risk suffering from the symptoms of depression.
Easy-to-make mini brains will help medical research
If you want to study the effects of drugs or transplants on the brain without operating on the real thing, you typically have to break out some microelectronics and build a model yourself. Not exactly convenient or cheap, is it? If Brown University scientists have their way, however, just about any lab could make some simulated brain matter of their own. They've developed a technique that creates a miniature brain (really, a bundle of electrically active neurons) by extracting cells with a centrifuge and seeding a cell culture. So long as you have two to three weeks and 25 cents' worth of material, you'll have a complex, three-dimensional neural network to tinker with.
Gripping objects takes much more brain power than we thought
Researchers from Brown University have made a discovery about how the human brain operates when gripping an object. Previously, it's been assumed that the mind had a short, single command to drive the hand, but in reality it's much more complex than that. With this new information, it's hoped that engineers will be able to build prosthetic limbs that are significantly more responsive. In addition, the finds could also go some way to helping develop new tools for people with severe paralysis.
Mind-operated robot arm helps paralyzed woman have her cup o' joe (video)
Researchers at the Braingate2 consortium have made a breakthrough that allows people with spinal cord or stroke injuries to control robotic limbs with their minds. The original project allowed subjects with motor cortex-implanted chips to move cursors on a screen with their minds, but they can now command DEKA and DLR mechanical arms to grasp foam balls and sip coffee. Researchers noted that dropped objects and missed drinks were frequent, but improved brain sensors and more practice by subjects should help. To see the power of the mind move perhaps not mountains, but good ol' java, jump to the video below.
Researchers make an RGB laser with a regular laser and quantum dots
The problem with lasers is, they tend to generate just a single color or light.To get more than one hue requires actually combining more than one type of laser to produce red, green and blue. But researchers at Brown University have figured out a solution to creating small RGB lasers by using colloidal quantum dots, or CQDs. The idea of leveraging the properties of the thin film isn't new, but past attempts to use CQDs in semiconductor lasers have failed because the necessary energy tends to wind up as heat instead of light. The work around scientists found was to excite the various dot sizes with a laser then filter out original light source. Unfortunately, the solution is far from practical for use in commercial products, but it does represent a milestone in the march towards a single-material multi-wavelength laser. For more details check out the source link.
Researchers create spinal cord connectors from human stem cells, heralding breakthrough
It's taken many years and more than a bit of brainpower, but researchers at the University of Central Florida have finally found a way to create neuromuscular connectors between muscle and spinal cord cells, using only stem cells. Led by bioengineer James Hickman, the team pulled off the feat with help from Brown University Professor Emeritus Herman Vandenburgh, who collected muscle stem cell samples from adult volunteers. After close examination, they then discovered that under the right conditions, these samples could be combined with spinal cord cells to form connectors, or neuromuscular junctions, which the brain uses to control the body's muscles. UCF's engineers say the technique, described in the December issue of the journal Biomaterials, marks a major breakthrough for the development of "human-on-a-chip" models -- systems that simulate organ functions and have the potential to drastically accelerate medical research and drug development. These junctions could also pay dividends for research on Lou Gehrig's disease or spinal cord injuries, though it remains unclear whether we can expect to see these benefits anytime soon.
Brown University, DARPA give iRobot's PackBot autonomy
It's not easy to find research in the field of robotics without military applications (or military funding), and Brown University's latest is certainly no exception. Starting out with iRobot's PackBot (and some pocket change from DARPA and the Office of Naval Intelligence) researchers at the school have achieved several advances that will someday produce robots that follow both verbal and nonverbal commands from a human operator, indoors and out, without the need for a controlled environment or special clothing. The goal, according to Chad Jenkins, is to develop a robot that acts "like a partner. You don't want to puppeteer the robot. You supervise it, 'Here's your job. Now, go do it.'" The work is being presented this week at the Human-Robot Interaction conference in San Diego, but if you can't make it we've provided a video of the thing in action just for you (after the break). We for one salute our autonomous robot overlords.[Via PhysOrg]
Brown University demonstrates Drawing on Air system
It's been a tick since we've heard any news on the 3D drawing front, but a number of computer scientists from Brown University are putting the art back in the proverbial foreground with its Drawing on Air installation. Put simply, users can slip on a virtual reality mask, grab a stylus and tracking device, and go to town. The system uses "drawing guidelines, force feedback, and two-handed interaction" to assist artists in drawing more precisely, and once movements are made, the patterns are transferred to a computer for use in 3D modeling and design programs. Unfortunately, such a system can't currently be priced at points which John and / or Jane Doe would be happy with, but the researchers did state that commercialization wasn't "too far away" and that prices should decrease from "thousands of dollars to hundreds of dollars in the next few years."
iWalk to release PowerFoot One prosthetic foot
It looks like some researchers at MIT and Brown University are about to see the fruits of their labor become commercially available, with upstart iWalk set to release the PowerFoot One prosthetic foot jointly developed by the two. Unlike similar devices, the PowerFoot One uses "tendon-like" springs and an electric motor to help propel the person forward, which supposedly reduces fatigue, improves balance and gives the wearer with a more fluid gait. A mix of sensors and specialized control algorithms also ensure that the person stays balanced while walking on slopes or stairs. While there's no word on what it'll cost, it should be commercially available sometime next summer.[Via Gadget Lab]
Brown U. is building better batteries with plastic
Too bad they're not building 'em with "butter" or "barometers" -- the alliteration potential is just so vast! All the same, plastic seems to be just what your iPod ordered, combining the storage ability of a traditional battery, with the intense power capabilities of capacitors. We didn't pay attention well enough in our science classes to know what it means to "Put electroactive molecules into conducting polymers," but the results of the experiments being conducted on conductive plastics by a few Brown University engineers speak for themselves. The new batteries are as thin as an overhead transparency, smaller than an iPod nano in height and width, and yet manage double the storage of a traditional battery, and 100 times the power of a standard alkaline battery. The plastic battery can deliver or receive its charge rapidly like a capacitor, yet can also hold a charge and deliver power slowly like a battery, meaning all sorts of good times for power junkies like us. Right now there are still a few kinks to work out before the technology is ready for the market, but we'll be keeping an eye on this one for sure.[Via Slashdot]
